Chanakya have told Dharma to not reveal this to Bindusara mainly for
1. Ashokas security because Charumitra will definitely try to harm him if they get to know he is Bindusara son.
2. Veer Khurrasan will try to kill Ashoka and his mother if he gets to know Dharma is still alive (as he tried to kill her taking Bindusaras name if you have seen the first episodes)
3. As he wants Bindusara and Ashok to develop a bond perhaps.. As u can see he is trying to build up Ashok as an ideal king. So, it is necessary for his identity to be hidden so that he learns what his mistakes are, and discover his qualities.
Hope I was able to answer your question!
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