At least three nuclear reactors in Japan are reported to have experienced partial meltdowns. But just what does "meltdown" mean?
Three decades ago, a film called "The China Syndrome" introduced many Americans to the possibility of a nuclear accident and the phrase "nuclear meltdown." Twelve days later, the Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania had federal officials discussing the real thing.
So just what is a nuclear meltdown? The reactor contains rods filled with uranium, and then there's a pump which sends coolants like water into the reactor, to keep the uranium from overheating.
When the pump breaks down (in this case because of the earthquake or tsunami), the uranium overheats. The rest of the water eventually boils away, and tubes holding the uranium pellets disintegrate. The pellets fall to the floor, heating up even more, up to 5,000 degrees, at which point they melt into kind of a waxy substance. Thus the term: "meltdown."
In the worst case scenario the uranium, already very unstable, explodes, damaging the plant and releasing contaminants into the air.
There can be a minor or major meltdown, depending on how many pellets melt. And even a major meltdown might pose no danger to the public at large, if there's no explosion and the radiation stays within the containment dome.
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